Explosive Testing to Evaluate Dynamic Amplification during Gravity Load Redistribution for Reinforced Concrete Frames
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Guidelines have been developed in the United States to assist in the design of buildings resistant to progressive collapse. These guidelines outline several methods for incorporating the dynamic amplification on load redistribution that occurs when there is sudden member failure in a structure. Analytical studies have been performed to evaluate the consistency of these guidelines, but very little testing has been conducted to verify the guidelines and analytical work performed to date. This paper describes a field test in which one column of a two-story reinforced concrete frame building was removed by explosives while the resulting dynamic changes in axial load of surrounding columns were monitored. The data collected during this test is being used to assess the effects of dynamic amplification on gravity load redistribution. Observations from the test suggest that the building frame remained linear elastic. The peak axial force increases recorded in the columns were more than twice the corresponding steady-state increase, exceeding the limit expected by linear elastic theory. The high peak-to-steady-state force ratios observed are likely attributable to the magnifying effect of the pressure pulse caused by the explosion. A single degree of freedom model has been developed that provides a good approximation of the axial force response of a column adjacent to the column explosively removed in the test. This model has been used to remove the part of the recorded response caused by the pressure pulse and thereby estimate the response solely due to gravity load redistribution. Refinement of this model is ongoing. In addition to being applicable for blast loads, this research program is also relevant for progressive collapse analysis involving earthquake loads. Since column axial-load failures resulting from seismic forces occur at a slower rate when compared with blast failures, the dynamic effects resulting from the former are less severe. Thus, it will be reasonable to implement the findings of this research program based on blast loads as an upper bound when addressing the influence of dynamic amplification on the gravity load redistribution that occurs during the collapse of reinforced concrete frames in earthquakes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it