Sinogram denoising via simultaneous sparse representation in learned dictionaries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reducing the radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) is highly desirable but it leads to excessive noise in the projection measurements. This can significantly reduce the diagnostic value of the reconstructed images. Removing the noise in the projection measurements is, therefore, essential for reconstructing high-quality images, especially in low-dose CT. In recent years, two new classes of patch-based denoising algorithms proved superior to other methods in various denoising applications. The first class is based on sparse representation of image patches in a learned dictionary. The second class is based on the non-local means method. Here, the image is searched for similar patches and the patches are processed together to find their denoised estimates. In this paper, we propose a novel denoising algorithm for cone-beam CT projections. The proposed method has similarities to both these algorithmic classes but is more effective and much faster. In order to exploit both the correlation between neighboring pixels within a projection and the correlation between pixels in neighboring projections, the proposed algorithm stacks noisy cone-beam projections together to form a 3D image and extracts small overlapping 3D blocks from this 3D image for processing. We propose a fast algorithm for clustering all extracted blocks. The central assumption in the proposed algorithm is that all blocks in a cluster have a joint-sparse representation in a well-designed dictionary. We describe algorithms for learning such a dictionary and for denoising a set of projections using this dictionary. We apply the proposed algorithm on simulated and real data and compare it with three other algorithms. Our results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms some of the best denoising algorithms, while also being much faster.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".