Lunar Lander Configurations Incorporating Accessibility, Mobility, and Centaur Cryogenic Propulsion Experience
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As part of the Vision for Space Exploration, NASA plans to develop a human lunar lander, known as the Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM). A practical lunar lander must transport astronauts to the Moon, then facilitate their activities on the lunar surface. Propulsion systems using LO2/LH2 propellants have several advantages, including high specific impulse main propulsion, the opportunity for synergistic application in fuel cells and life support, and compatibility with In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). However, due to their very low boiling points, it is difficult to design systems which retain LO2 and LH2 for long mission durations. This paper describes design principles based on development and operational experience with the Centaur upper stage which can be applied to build practical LO2/LH2 lunar landers. These include the use of a minimum number of large propellant tanks with common bulkheads and thin-wall structure. Consideration has been given to crew and cargo operations on the lunar surface, which drive needs for lander mobility and ease of transfer between the lander cabin or cargo mounts and the ground. The low density of LH2 means that LO2/LH2 landers will have large fuel tanks which can impede crew access to the lunar surface. Three innovative design concepts are presented which incorporate the suggested propulsion design principles and address mobility and access. Concept 1 is a two-stage Dual Thrust Axis lander, which uses an axial main engine for primary descent, then rotates to land with its long axis parallel to the ground. As a result, the crew
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it