Seismic Design and Performance of High-Rise Steel Buildings under Various International Design Codes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increase in the number of seismic events and their devastations in the recent past has assisted in many developments in seismic codes of various international standards. Codes adopt conventional elastic methods in the design of structures to estimate the strength and deformation demand employing seismic design factors to represent the nonlinear behavior of the structure. Four typical high-rise steel buildings of 8, 12, 16 and 20 stories are designed and detailed using various seismic codes. Seismic response of the reference buildings is assessed with detailed fiber-based models using inelastic pushover and incremental dynamic analyses subject to 20 strong seismic records. The proposed study provides comparisons between different seismic design codes for the range of the reference buildings at different performance levels. This study may help the designers in optimizing their design in the seismic regions and provide an insight to assess the seismic performance and predict the behavior at different performance levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".