Research methods in visual and comparative analysis: transportation and sociability in Saint-Henri, Quebec and Lowell, Massachusetts, 1905–45
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article argues that photographs can make a particular and independent contribution to historical research, but that their value is limited unless contextualized and verified using other sources. A comparative study of Saint-Henri, Quebec and Lowell, Massachusetts employs historical photo-analysis to discern shifting patterns in transportation and sociability on early 20th- century North American city streets. Specific class and gender transformations were tied to the advent of the department store and to the introduction of municipal policies restricting commercial and ‘inappropriate’ activities in the first decade, to a significant rise in tram use after World War I, and to restricted automobile travel in the interwar period. The comparative and visual methodology reveals a gradual decline accompanied by increasing segregation in the social usage of commercial and residential streets during this period.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it