Sandhill Fen, an initial trial for wetland species assembly on in-pit substrates: lessons after three years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Open-pit mining of oil sands removes wetland plant communities from the landscape. Sandhill Watershed, located on Syncrude Canada’s oil sands lease, is the first reclamation of a complex watershed that includes a 17 ha central wetland designed to develop into a rich fen. Here we sample the vegetation after three years. Of the 124 plant species recorded, 48% are peat-forming species, including 24 bryophyte species. We identified, using ordination techniques, four plant assemblages that vary in abundance of peat-forming plants. Each assemblage occurs in a spatially distinct area of Sandhill Fen, forming vegetation zones that are closely associated with height of water table. The plant assemblage distributed in the wettest areas has abundant marsh species. The assemblages in the driest areas of the fen have large numbers of upland and weed species and few species characteristic of fens. In between is a species assemblage with an abundance of species characteristic of natural peat-forming habitats. Two key findings are: water levels control spatial distributions of species assemblages, and non-peat-forming plant species are abundant and a concern for the establishment of peat-forming wetlands. Future designs should include plans for a number of interconnected site types such as marshes, fens, and riparian areas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".