Nuclear receptors and disease: androgen receptor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) protein regulates transcription of certain genes. Usually this depends upon a central DNA-binding domain that permits the binding of androgen–AR complexes to regulatory DNA sequences near or in a target gene. The AR also has a C-terminal ligand-binding domain and an Nterminal transcription modulatory domain. These N- and C-terminal domains interact directly, and with co-regulatory, non-receptor proteins, to exert precise control over a gene’s transcription rate. The precise roles of these proteins are active research areas. Severe X-linked AR gene (AR) mutations cause complete androgen insensitivity, mild ones impair virilization with or without infertility, and moderate ones yield a wide phenotypic spectrum sometimes among siblings. Different phenotype expressivity may reflect variability of ARinteractive proteins. Mutations occur throughout the AR but are concentrated in specific areas of the gene known as hot spots. A number of these mutations of somatic origin are associated with prostate cancer. N-terminal polyglutamine (polyGln) tract expansion reduces AR transactivation, and when there are more than 38 glutamine residues it causes spinobulbar muscular atrophy, a motor neuron disease, due to a gain of function. Variations in polyGln tract length have been associated as risk factors with prostate, breast, uterine, endometrial and colorectal cancer, as well as male infertility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".