A Case Study in Reverse Engineering GPGPUs
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During recent years, GPU micro-architectures have changed dramatically, evolving into powerful many-core deep-multithreaded platforms for parallel workloads. While important micro-architectural modifications continue to appear in every new generation of these processors, unfortunately, little is known about the details of these innovative designs. One of the key questions in understanding GPUs is how they deal with outstanding memory misses. Our goal in this study is to find answers to this question. To this end, we develop a set of micro-benchmarks in CUDA to understand the outstanding memory requests handling resources. Particularly, we study two NVIDIA GPGPUs (Fermi and Kepler) and estimate their capability in handling outstanding memory requests. We show that Kepler can issue nearly 32X higher number of outstanding memory requests, compared to Fermi. We explain this enhancement by Kepler's architectural modifications in outstanding memory request handling resources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it