(Im)Possibility and (in)visibility: Arguing against ‘just happens to be’ in Young Adult literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Examining a selection of Young Adult (YA) novels through lenses of visibility, recognition and otherness, and looking at the historical progression of queer YA literature as documented by Michael Cart and Christine Jenkins, this article looks to better understand the (im)possibility of ‘just happening to be’ in literature for young readers. Online conversations, academic discussions and articles have called for more YA literature in which characters ‘just happen to be gay’, but such an expectation is troubled by the existence of an already well-established idea of normal, thus requiring a coming-out moment that negates a notion of just happening to be. The author seeks to trouble the connection between these expectations of characters who just happen to be gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender, and what is possible within the realm of fiction and written text.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.051 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".