EFFECTS OF EXPECTED DEMAND, TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITY, APPROPRIABILITY AND COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS ON INVENTION COMMERCIALIZATION
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mowery and Rosenberg (1979) temporarily put to rest a rather vigorous debate that had been raging since Schumpeter’s work (1934) on the relative importance of market demand versus technological opportunity as incentives for innovation. Schumpeter (1934) argued forcefully that entrepreneurs are driven by technological opportunity but was rebuffed by Schmookler (1962) who showed that increases in demand preceded increases in inventive activity over the business cycle. Research in the 1960’s and 1970s tended to side with Schmookler, possibly most prominently with the research by Chris Freeman et al. (summarized in Freeman, 1982) where they conclude that market (or user) “need ” is the most important driver of innovation. Other studies claimed to find similar strong dominance of market pull/need over
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it