Safety and efficacy of a device to narrow the coronary sinus for the treatment of refractory angina: A single-centre real-world experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The coronary sinus Reducer is a recently introduced device to treat patients with severe angina symptoms refractory to optimal medical therapy and not amenable for conventional revascularisation. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the Reducer in a real-world cohort of patients with refractory angina. METHODS: This is a single-centre retrospective registry. Patients with severe angina symptoms, objective evidence of myocardial ischaemia using any adequate non-invasive modality and without options for conventional revascularisation were regarded eligible for Reducer implantation. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (74 % male, mean age 70 ± 8 years, 91.3 % previous bypass surgery, 82.6 % previous percutaneous intervention, 47.8 % previous myocardial infarction, 52.2 % diabetes mellitus) underwent Reducer implantation. The safety endpoint (successful implantation of the first device without device-related adverse events) was met in all patients. After a median follow-up of 9 (8-14) months the efficacy (any reduction in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class and revascularisation-free survival) was reached in 17 patients (74 %): 8 patients (34.8 %) improved by 1 CCS class, 7 (30.4 %) by 2 CCS classes and 2 (8.7 %) by 3 CCS classes. One patient died 4 months after implantation because of progressive heart failure (not associated with Reducer implantation). CONCLUSION: In this single-centre real-world experience, Reducer implantation was safe and demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of refractory angina at mid-term follow-up.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".