Chronology and stratigraphy of the Magdalen Islands archipelago from the last glaciation to the early Holocene: new insights into the glacial and sea‐level history of eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Magdalen Islands (Québec, Canada) are a key location for unravelling the glacial and sea‐level history of the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada. Although many sedimentary sequences have been described in the literature, absolute ages are lacking, impeding an accurate interpretation of the deposits and the establishment of a precise chronological framework. This study provides a detailed description of 21 stratigraphical sequences located throughout the archipelago, as well as the first comprehensive luminescence chronology from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) toc. 10 ka. In addition to the five samples collected for age control purposes, 34 luminescence samples were taken from 17 different sites in glacial, periglacial and coastal deposits. The stratigraphical and chronological data reveal that the islands were at the crossroads of two icecaps during theLGM; the southern islands were glaciated by the Escuminac icecap located in the western Gulf of St. Lawrence whereas the northern archipelago was glaciated at the end of theLGMby an ice flow from Newfoundland. The glacial deposit covering the northern Magdalen Islands was associated with the Newfoundland icecap; here it is named the Grande‐Entrée till and is dated toc. 20 ka.OSLages betweenc. 23 and 17 ka acquired from cryopediment and coastal deposits on the southern islands indicate that this part of the archipelago was deglaciated shortly after theLGMand was affected by a high sea level and periglacial processes. Around 15 ka, the entire archipelago was deglaciated and partially submerged untilc. 10 ka. This data set is the first major contribution to a detailed chronology of the Magdalen Islands and constitutes the first step towards interpreting the glacial and sea‐level history of the central area of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; this new understanding will provide input to regional marine and glacial modelling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".