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Record W246842720

The Real Epidemic Is Inequality

2010· article· en· W246842720 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueSocial alternatives · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicGlobal Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsInequalityHealth equitySocial determinants of healthSocial inequalityPublic healthGlobal healthPandemicEquity (law)Population healthHealth policyPopulationPolitical scienceEconomic growthSociologyHealth careCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)MedicineDiseaseEconomicsLawInfectious disease (medical specialty)
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Introduction If one identified the primary health problems facing the world today based on the public pronouncements of governmental authorities and media coverage, one would assume these would be epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases, most immediately those concerned with avian (SARS) and swine flu (HlNl). In reality, the primary health problem facing the world is the absence of health equity. Health equity represents a situation where unfair or unjust differences in health status are not present. The lack of health equity-or the presence of health inequity-is inferred when there are inequalities in health that are unnecessary. It is increasingly being recognised that these inequalities in health result from inequalities in living conditions that reflect power imbalances in society. Sociologists use the term 'social inequalities' to describe these power imbalances in society and their related outcomes. Not only do social inequalities create what is arguably the most pressing health issue in most societies today - the presence of health inequalities - these social inequalities also permeate the issues of infectious disease epidemics and pandemics which have come to so dominate our current consciousness. In this themed issue on population health in the twenty-first century, we bring together eight articles that illustrate two key points: 1) the primary health issue facing societies is the presence of health inequalities which are the result of social inequalities; and 2) the concern with epidemics and pandemics is itself influenced by the existence of these same social inequalities. The first two articles explore the issue of epidemics and pandemics. The following six explore the broader issue of health inequalities and their manifestation in developed and developing nations with special focus on Australia, Canada, and the United States. Health Equity Global interest in promoting health equity has become a key issue in the twenty-first century. What factors enhance the health of populations? What are the causes of disease? And what are the causes of the causes? These questions have led to a focus on what has come to be known as the social determinants of health (SDOH), that is, the living and working conditions to which people are exposed (CSDH 2008). Specific social determinants of health that have been shown to be important are income and wealth, housing, food, education, and access to health care and social services, among others (Raphael 2009). It is also becoming increasingly clear that political ideology and public policies fundamentally shape the quality of the social determinants of health to which citizens have access (Bryant 2010). Adverse social determinants of health such as income, housing, and food insecurity, insecurity of precarious employment, and poor working conditions are usually the result of poor public policymaking. Indeed, the Commission on Social Determinants of Health of the World Health Organisation states: [t]his unequal distribution of health-damaging experiences is not in any sense a 'natural' phenomenon but is the result of a toxic combination of poor social policies and programmes, unfair economic arrangements, and bad politics. Together, the structural determinants and conditions of daily life constitute the social determinants of health and are responsible for a major part of health inequities between and within countries (2008, 1). Improving the quality and access to social health promoting social determinants of health is a key means of fostering health equity. The social determinants of health concept is a bridge between public policy and achieving health equity. Health equity has multiple meanings (Braveman and Gruskin 2003; Kawachi et al. 2002). The definition of the term to which this themed issue subscribes is concern with the quality and equitable distribution of the social determinants of health (Graham 2004). …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.654
Threshold uncertainty score0.983

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.369
Teacher spread0.316 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it