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Record W247233762 · doi:10.5325/style.45.4.0663

Milton and the Victorians

2011· article· en· W247233762 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueStyle · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicHermeneutics and Narrative Identity
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSublimePoetryRomanceGray (unit)LiteraturePhilosophyArtEnglish poetryArt historyHistory

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Erik Gray. and the Victorians. Ithaca and London: Cornell UP, 2009. Milton's on the Victorians has hitherto received surprisingly little attention. Many books and articles have been written on and the Romantics, but only two previous critics - James Nelson in Sublime Puritan (1963) and Anna K Nardo in George Eliot's Dialogue with (2003) - have written books on Milton's reception by the Victorians. It would be easy infer that Milton's abruptly stopped at about the time De Doctrina Christiana was discovered in 1 823. Gray states the problem succinctly: By general consensus, at least implicit, Milton's sometimes overwhelming on forty years of English poetry came abrupt halt with the deaths of Keats, Percy Shelley, and Lord Byron in the 1820s. But Gray knows better than settle for easy answers: There are two things be said about this view: first, that it is clearly false, and second, that it is just as clearly (3). It is false because the Victorians showed new interest in Milton's prose and produced monumental biographies and editions (by Thomas Keightley and David Masson). It is true because Milton's upon Victorian poetry is inconspicuous: a list of major Romantic poems - Prelude, Prometheus Unbound, Hyperion - immediately, insistently calls mind Milton's epic, as similar list of Victorian masterpieces - Aurora Leigh, Idylls of the King, Ring and the Book - does (4). In Harold Bloom's theory of the anxiety of influence, Milton's always ends in the same place: 'Blake, Wordsworth, Shelley, . . . Keats' (5). continues exert on the Victorians, Gray infers, it is different from his on the Romantics. Gray examines Mlton's in the later nineteenth century in attempt to find out what it teach us about Victorian literature above all, but also about Romanticism, about Milton, and about forms of poetic influence (9). His thesis, explored through six erudite chapters, is that great poets like can continue exert powerful while largely disappearing from view (24). In his second chapter, entitled Milton as Classic, as Bible, Gray likens Milton's invisibility that of God in Paradise Lost: The very fact that Romantic poets so frequently and self-consciously invoked rendered it unnecessary for Victorian poets do the same. result was that Milton, like God, became with excessive bright (25). Gray is particularly good on Milton's ability make the unfamiliar seem familiar. His second chapter begins with splendid discussion of Milton's exotic names and the fact that they so often appear in negative similes that tell us what Hell or Paradise or Eve's beauty were not like. T. S. Eliot, following thought that used epic catalogues for their musical value alone, but Gray makes the persuasive and (so far as I am aware) original argument that Milton's catalogues and negative similes have the mysterious effect of making us feel at home with the exotic. big names are not pompous displays of encyclopedic pedantry but concessions the fallen reader's presumed knowledge: Johnson, or T. S. Eliot, might object that 'Ternate and Tidore' are mystifying and grandiloquent words, introduced inflate the image. But the opposite is true: they are part of the mortal world, as Satan is not, and even if we have never heard of them before, we recognize them as concessions our knowledge (30-31). result is an uncanny sense of familiarity. Gray relates this the dark brilliance of classic literature. If (as Mark Twain quipped) classic is a book which people praise but don't read, less cynical definition might be that classic is work that seems be known before it is read. A great book be read; classic only be reread, since the first-time reader finds it already familiar (32). …

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Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.962
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.036
GPT teacher head0.201
Teacher spread0.165 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it