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Record W2472668876 · doi:10.1177/194277861000300302

“Martial Law in the Streets of Toronto”:G20 Security and State Violence

2010· article· en· W2472668876 on OpenAlexaffabout
Neil Smith, Deborah Cowen

Bibliographic record

VenueHuman Geography · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicPolicing Practices and Perceptions
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsContext (archaeology)State (computer science)State of exceptionMartial lawMonopolySecuritizationPoliticsLawCriminologyPower (physics)Political scienceArgument (complex analysis)SociologyPolitical economyHistoryEconomics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper examines the events, microgeography and broader context of the effective siege of downtown Toronto by Canadian security forces during the June 2010 meeting of the G20, and the unprecedented assault on peaceful protestors and innocent bystanders alike. An extraordinary clampdown of Toronto streets was organized by integrated security forces at the international, federal, provincial and local scales, leading to the arrest and jailing of a larger number of people (overwhelmingly released without charges) than in any other event in Canadian history. Whereas popular consternation emerged immediately against police brutality with many commentators aghast that this could happen in “Toronto the good,” suggesting that this represented an exceptional event, this paper argues that to a significant degree the crisis in the streets was precipitated by the security forces themselves, an argument buttressed by the refusal of the Canadian government to investigate the events. The paper connects the G20 to the larger issues of global political economic power and urban securitization, and puts the Toronto G20 police riot against protestors, if that is what it was, in the context of state power and the state's claimed monopoly over violence. Far from an exceptional event, this repressive assault expressed the DNA of capitalist state behavior and the selectivity of its targeted social violence.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.048
Threshold uncertainty score0.348

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0190.017
Scholarly communication0.0050.001
Open science0.0010.004
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.341
Teacher spread0.323 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations13
Published2010
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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