Book Review: <i>Morality and Economic Growth in Rural West Africa. Indigenous Accumulation in Hausaland</i> by Paul Clough
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book is the product of research which the author, Paul Clough, carried out over more than twenty years, among the Hausa farmer-traders in Nigeria. The Hausa are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa and, through their amalgamation with the Fulani, have dominated Nigerian politics since the country’s independence. The study draws on the notion of accumulation with special reference to capital accumulation: the investment of money or a financial asset to generate more money as profit, rent, interest, capital gain, royalties and other returns, enabling wealth to appreciate in value. While gleaning important insights from Karl Marx’s writings around the concept and processes involved, Clough’s study underlines the limits of theories having a Eurocentric bias. \nIn the words of Canadian sociologist D. W Livingstone (1995, p. 64): “Marx as well as subsequent orthodox Marxists and most critical Western Marxist intellectuals have operated from a Eurocentric world view which has regarded European civilisation as the dynamic core of global life.” The same goes for non-Marxist classical European social theorists such as Max Weber and a host of other western intellectuals. As the book underlines, one must treat their conceptual tools carefully when applying or reinventing them in different non-Western contexts, as is the case with Nigeria [excerpt].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".