Formation control of high-altitude balloons by distributed extremum seeking control
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a method for the formation control of high-altitude balloons is developed. This method uses a distributed extremum seeking controller implemented at each balloon. The controller works to minimize a cost function based on the number of users connected to each balloon. This cost function is designed so that the balloons tend to spread themselves out evenly over Earth. The control approach is fully distributed and requires no central coordinator. Balloons communicate over a network via a consensus algorithm providing all balloons with an accurate estimate of the total cost. Since extremum seeking is a model-free approach, it does not require a complex wind model. The resulting algorithm is efficient as the burden of computation is shared between all balloons. A simulation study involving 20 balloons is used to verify the effectiveness of this approach.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it