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Record W2486597618 · doi:10.1385/0-89603-076-8:1

Fluorescence Analysis of Amines and Their Metabolites

2003· book-chapter· en· W2486597618 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueHumana Press eBooks · 2003
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldChemistry
TopicVarious Chemistry Research Topics
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaUniversité de MontréalHôpital Saint-Luc
Fundersnot available
KeywordsExcited stateFluorescenceAtomic physicsChemistryPhotonRadiationGround stateMoleculeDipoleWavelengthEmission spectrumSpectral linePhysicsOptics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The term fluorescence commonly refers to the phenomenon in which light from the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum is absorbed by a substance and emitted in the visible spectrum. Certain organic molecules absorb light energy, resulting in various interatomic bonds being raised to higher energy levels. This energy may be dissipated in several ways, one of which is the emission of light. Under normal circumstances, the emitted radiation is of a longer wavelength (lower energy) than that absorbed. The number of photons of light emitted is proportional to the number of molecules involved; that is, the concentration of fluorescent substance(s) present in the sample under consideration. The fluorescence intensity of a particular substance is determined by the difference in energy between the excited and ground states and the relative importance of other types of energy dissipation, such as collisional deactivation. It is important to note that the chemical and physical properties (e.g., pK a, dipole moment, interatomic distances) of the excited state may be much different from those of the ground state. These changes may result in special difficulties in the analysis of certain compounds (see section 1.2).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.536
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.056
GPT teacher head0.269
Teacher spread0.213 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it