Effectiveness of an intervention to improve diabetes self-management on clinical outcomes in patients with low educational level
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine whether an intervention based on patient-practitioner communication is more effective than usual care in improving diabetes self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes with low educational level. 12-month, pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Nine physicians and 184 patients registered at two practices in a deprived area of Granada (Andalusia, Spain) participated in the study. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes, low educational level and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7% (53.01 mmol/mol) were eligible. The physicians in the intervention group received training on communication skills and the use of a tool for monitoring glycaemic control and providing feedback to patients. The control group continued standard care. The primary outcome was difference in HbA1c after 12 months. Dyslipidaemia, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference were also assessed as secondary outcomes. Two-level (patient and provider) regression analyses controlling for sex, social support and comorbidity were conducted. The HbA1c levels at 12 months decreased in both groups. Multilevel analysis showed a greater improvement in the intervention group (between-group HbA1c difference= 0.16; p = 0.049). No statistically significant differences between groups were observed for dyslipidaemia, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. In this pragmatic study, a simple and inexpensive intervention delivered in primary care showed a modest benefit in glycaemic control compared with usual care, although no effect was observed in the secondary outcomes. Further research is needed to design and assess interventions to promote diabetes self-management in socially vulnerable patients. Determinar si una intervención basada en la comunicación médico-paciente es más efectiva que la atención habitual en la mejora del autocontrol de la diabetes en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 con bajo nivel educativo. Ensayo controlado aleatorizado pragmático por agrupación de 12 meses. Participaron en el estudio nueve profesionales médicos y 184 pacientes registrados/as en dos centros de salud en una zona pobre de Granada (Andalucía, España). Criterios de inclusión: adultos/as con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2, con bajo nivel educativo y hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) >7% (53,01 mmol/mol). Los/las sanitarios/as del grupo de intervención recibieron entrenamiento en las habilidades de comunicación y en el uso de una herramienta para la monitorización del control glucémico y proporcionar información a los/las pacientes. El grupo control continuó la atención estándar. La medida de resultado fue la diferencia en la HbA1c después de 12 meses. Otras medidas de resultado fueron la dislipidemia, la hipertensión arterial, el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia abdominal. Se realizó una regresión con dos niveles (paciente y proveedor) controlando por sexo, apoyo social y comorbilidad. La HbA1c a los 12 meses disminuyó en ambos grupos. El análisis multinivel mostró una mayor mejoría en el grupo de intervención (diferencia entre grupos HbA1c = −0,16; p = 0,049). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos para la dislipidemia, la hipertensión arterial, el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia abdominal. Este estudio pragmático mostró que una intervención sencilla y de bajo coste ofrecida en atención primaria alcanzó un modesto beneficio en el control glucémico en comparación con la atención habitual, aunque no se observó ningún efecto en los resultados secundarios. Se necesita más investigación para diseñar y evaluar intervenciones para promover el autocontrol de la diabetes en pacientes socialmente vulnerables.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".