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Record W2498606054 · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511545795.024

The action of fluoride on bone

2000· book-chapter· es· W2498606054 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCambridge University Press eBooks · 2000
Typebook-chapter
Languagees
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicFluoride Effects and Removal
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFluorideDentistryWater fluoridationSkeletal fluorosisMedicineOsteoporosisIngestionDental fluorosisInternal medicineChemistryInorganic chemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The fluoridation of municipal water in cities of Canada and the United States for the purpose of reducing dental decay is perhaps the most important and successful public health initiative ever undertaken in these countries. Since its inception more than 50 years ago, water fluoridated at 1 ppm has dramatically reduced the incidence of caries, and this positive effect has reached across all socioeconomic groups. However, since fluoride is a mineral-seeking ion, it is incorporated into bone as well as teeth. The response of bone is known to depend on the dose, and studies in both animal models and in humans have assessed the effect of moderate to high doses of fluoride. As a consequence, it is known that moderate doses of fluoride increase bone mass, making fluoride a potential therapy for osteoporosis (see below). However, chronic exposure to high doses of fluoride (>8 mg/day), while rare in North America, can cause skeletal fluorosis, characterized initially by hypermineralization of bone and later by calcification of ligaments, bone deformation, and other crippling symptoms (Kaminsky et al., 1990). Ingestion of low doses of fluoride through water involves somewhat different mechanisms. Typically, individuals receive less than 5 mg/day of fluoride (less than a tenth of the clinical dose), but it accumulates passively in bone mineral over a timespan of decades.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.966
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.197
Teacher spread0.181 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it