Language as a Second Skin: The Representation of Black Africans in Portuguese Theatre (Fifteenth to Early-Seventeenth Century)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article analyse le langage et le personnage de l’Africain Noir dans le théâtre portugais du XVIe siècle, en particulier dans les pièces ou autos de Gil Vicente et d’António Ribeiro Chiado, ainsi que celles d’autres auteurs moins connus et quelques intermèdes espagnols. On accompagne l’évolution du stéreotype du Noir considéré incapable de parler correctement les langues ibériques, depuis sa première apparition littéraire, dans le Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende. La première partie de cet article, plus méthodologique, met en cause la possibilité d’utiliser le langage attribué aux Noirs pour reconstituer une langue orale effectivement parlée, l’intention de dénigrement étant constitutive de ce discours. Ensuite, en parcourant les différentes pièces, on propose la notion d’un langage presque phénotypique, qui « colle à la peau » des Noirs et les désigne même lorsqu’ils ne sont pas sur scène. De manière moins rigide que le stéréotype, cette « seconde peau », qui est la langue, devient un instrument de dénigrement en soi, y compris de certains personnages blancs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".