The Recording and Quantification of Event-Related Potentials: I. Stimulus Presentation and Data Acquisition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are the changes in the ongoing electrical activity of the brain (the EEG) that are elicited by either an external physical stimulus or an internal psychological "event". This article provides a tutorial review of the methods used for the collection of ERP data. Because ERPs are influenced by both stimulus parameters and the mental state of the subject (what the subject is "doing"), precise control over how the stimulus is presented and how the subject's response is monitored must be described. ERPs are generally recorded from electrodes placed on the scalp. How the electrodes are placed (the montage) and the choice of the reference to which the electrical activity of the scalp are compared will have a large influence on the results. Electrodes will also pick up extraneous artifact or "noise". Methods to reduce this noise are described. ERPs provide high temporal resolution of the extent of information processing allowing researchers to access to both sensory and cognitive processes involved in complex decision-making.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".