Foaming Polystyrene with Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide and HFC-134a
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mixtures of blowing agents are becoming widely used in the industry either for economical reasons or for achieving better control of processing conditions. Despite the fact that they are commonly used for foaming, the literature is fairly scarce on that particular subject and the fundamentals are not very well understood. This work studies the effect of blending carbon dioxide and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) in polystyrene. Ultrasonic monitoring and online rheology provided information on the solubility and plasticizing effect of the gases. Results show that, on an equivalent molar basis, HFC-134a is slightly more soluble than CO 2 and is a more effective plasticizer. Moreover, HFC-134a generates foam samples with a higher nucleation density than CO 2 using similar processing conditions. Blending the two gases generates nucleate cell densities, which are intermediate to the pure gases but do not follow a log-additivity rule. It is hypothesized that blending gases affect their mutual diffusion coefficients, which in turn, largely dictates the final foam morphology.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it