The electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> on a copper electrode in 1‐<i>n</i>‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF<sub>4</sub>) monitored by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into value‐added products using room temperature ionic liquids as solvent/electrolyte has been proposed as an alternative to minimize the environmental effects of CO 2 emissions. A key issue in the design of electrochemical systems for the reduction of CO 2 is the in situ identification of intermediate surface species as well as reaction products. Copper electrodes, besides being used as cathodes in the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 , present surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) when properly activated. In this sense, the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 over a copper electrode in the room temperature ionic liquids 1‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF 4 ) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and by in situ SERS. The cyclic voltammetries have shown that the presence of CO 2 on the BMI.BF 4 anticipates the reduction of BMI + to the corresponding carbene. Fourier‐transform‐SERS spectra excited at 1064 nm and SERS spectra excited at 632.8 nm have shown vibrational signals from adsorbed CO. These SERS results indicated that CO adsorbs on the copper surface at two different surface sites. The observation of a 2275 cm −1 vibration in the SERS spectra also confirmed the presence of chemically adsorbed CO 2 . Other products of CO 2 reduction in BMI.BF 4 , besides CO, were identified, including BMI carbene and the BMI‐CO 2 adduct. The SERS results also suggest that the presence of a thin film of Cu 2 O on the copper surface anticipates the reduction of CO 2 to CO, an important component of syngas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it