Perchlorate Residues Emitted during the Use and Demilitarization of Simulators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study assessed the dispersion of perchlorate and dioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDF) residues following the use or demilitarization by blow‐in‐place of the Groundburst Simulator (GB) C1A1 and the Thunderflash (TF) C1A1 commonly used in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). The amount of unburned perchlorate residues per pyrotechnic device reached 0.8 and 43 mg for the regular use of TF and the GB, respectively. Their demilitarization by blow‐in‐place operations led to higher dispersion of unburned perchlorate residues, up to 6 and 2300 mg per TF and GB, respectively. Very high deposition rates were obtained for water‐soaked items: up to 460 mg per TF and up to 6600 mg for the GB. Dioxins and furans reached a maximum of 1 pg of Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) for the regular use, and 9 pg TEQ for the BIP operations. Based on these results, it is recommended to find alternate ways to demilitarize malfunctioning and weathered items found in military ranges and training areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".