Oil Exploration and its Relationship to the World of Trapped Micron Scale Fluids: A Review of the Applications of Fluid Inclusion Microscopy to the Study of Aqueous and Hydrocarbon Fluid Dynamics in Sedimentary Basins
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fluid inclusions are micron scale samples of aqueous and hydrocarbon fluids trapped in annealed microfractures developed during burial, or earlier in authigenic minerals e.g. quartz and/or calcite during cementation. Microscopic studies are carried out on specially prepared doubly polished fluid inclusion wafers (~ 150 microns thick) of well core, sidewall core and cuttings. Using a combination of transmitted light and UV light microscopy, laser Raman microscopy and microthermometry, facilitates the collation and comparison of fluid inclusion data. Textural and compositional data relating to the trapping history of fluids can be further constrained using P-T modelling software. The results of fluid inclusion studies of North Atlantic offshore basins i.e. Irish, and Newfoundland and Labrador offshore sectors highlight the use of these analytical and fluid modelling techniques. For example, Porcupine Basin aqueous basinal fluids trapped in cements are consistently of low to moderate salinity (<10 eq. wt.% NaCl), comparable to those found elsewhere on the Atlantic margins e.g. UK Rockall, West of Shetland region, and in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin offshore Newfoundland and may reflect the paucity of evaporites at depth in these regions (Parnell et al., 1999, Parnell et al., 2001 and Feely and Parnell 2003). Migration of at least two chemically distinct hydrocarbon fluids occurred post cementation, as lateral flow along Jurassic sandstones with limited vertical flow along faults (Conliffe et al., 2009). In the Saglek Basin offshore Labrador both monophase (liquid) and two-phase (liquid + vapour) hydrocarbon fluid inclusions occur in the Cretaceous Markland Formation. The two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions yield homogenisation temperatures of ~80°C. The aqueous fluid inclusions represent low temperature (~100°C) and low salinity (~5 eq.wt% NaCl) fluids, and are similar to those recorded in the Porcupine Basin offshore Ireland. P-T modelling of these fluids indicate trapping pressures and temperatures of ~300 bars and ~110° C.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it