Evaluation of Modifications to the ASTM C672 Deicer Salt Scaling Test for Concrete Containing Slag Cement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The standard ASTM C672/C672M-12 deicer salt scaling resistance test has been found to be overly aggressive to concretes containing slag cement or fly ash. It was compared to the recently adopted CSA A23.2-22A test method, based on the Quebec BNQ test, as well as several modifications, including use of an accelerated curing regime developed by Virginia (VADOT). Sixteen concrete mixtures were studied using high-alkali cement, low-alkali cement, grade 100 slag and grade 120 slag with slag contents of 0, 20, 35, and 50 %. Vinsol resin air-entraining admixture (AEA) was compared to a synthetic AEA. Modifications to the test method used in this study resulted in improved deicer scaling performance of concretes containing slag and many of these modifications have been incorporated into the CSA A23.2-22A test method. While it was found that increasing the level of slag replacement resulted in increased scaling, it was found that for slag mixtures, the synthetic AEA provided an improved air void spacing factor, higher hardened air content, and improved scaling resistance compared to Vinsol resin AEA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".