Mining sequential patterns from uncertain big DNA in the spark framework
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Big data has become ubiquitous as high volumes of wide varieties of valuable data of different veracities (e.g., precise, imprecise or uncertain data) are made available at a high velocity through fast throughput machines and techniques for data gathering and curation in many real life applications in various domains and application areas such as bioinformatics, biomedicine, finance, social networking, and weather forecasting. In bioinformatics, terabytes of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences can now be generated within a few hours with the use of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies such as Illumina HiSeq X and Illumina Genome Analyzer. Due to the nature of these NGS technologies, generated data are usually inherent with some noise or other forms of error. These uncertain data are embedded with a wealth of information in the form of frequent patterns. Mining frequently occurring patterns (e.g., motifs) from these big uncertain DNA sequences is a challenge in bioinformatics and biomedicine. Many existing algorithms are serial and mine DNA sequence motifs using precise data mining methods. Mining of motifs from big DNA sequences is a computationally intensive task because of the high volume and the associated uncertainty of these DNA sequences. In this paper, we propose a scalable algorithm for high performance computing on bioinformatics. Specifically, our parallel algorithm uses a fault-tolerant collection of resilient distributed datasets (RDDs) in Apache Spark computing framework to mine sequence motifs from uncertain big DNA data. Experimental results show that our algorithm extracts accurate motifs within a short time frame.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".