Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thesis is studying centrifugal pump’s variable speed drive’s advantages in Alfa Laval Aalborg’s steam boiler applications. Thesis consists of two main parts. First part examines requirements set for variable frequency drives in standards, regulations and classification societies’ rules. This part can be divided into two parts, requirements for industrial applications and requirements for use in marine applications.\nSecond main part of the thesis is to compare different pump system configurations for Alfa Laval Aalborg’s steam system’s feed water pumping system. This part consists of investment cost analysis for different pump system configurations and from operational cost calculations for these pumping systems. Investment cost analysis includes procurement costs of parts needed in the pumping systems and pump unit assembly costs. Operational cost analysis studies pump systems’ energy consumption and costs derived from the energy consumption. These two parts combined together form cost analysis for the system. Cost analysis is done for two different types of steam generation systems. First analysis is done for diesel power plant’s waste heat recovery system and second analysis is carried out for ship’s steam production system. The analyses are carried out separately because systems’ operation profiles are different and therefore operational cost analysis needs to be carried out separately. Cost analysis show how cost effective variable speed drive can be in this applications. \nOperational cost calculations are done according centrifugal pump theory. This theory is introduced in the thesis and is been used to explain why variable speed drive in centrifugal pump application is able to save significant amounts of energy compared to direct drive application.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".