Waterflooding a Multi-layered Tight Oil Reservoir Developed with Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A successful waterflood can be implemented in a multi-layered tight oil reservoir developed with horizontal multi-fractured wells. This paper forecasts the recovery factor that can be achieved in such a reservoir as well as discusses the challenges of analyzing and modelling tight oil reservoirs developed with multi-fractured horizontal wells. With some unconventional reservoirs that are hydraulically fractured, a phenomenon exists whereby material balance and simulation indicate pressure support from a water source that is not always obvious. This phenomenon is believed to be related to the multi-layered silts/shales in the reservoir and is not typically seen in simulation of conventional higher permeability reservoirs (Kair >10 mD). Although, the exact petrophysical nature of the silts/shale reservoir layers in this project are not well defined at this time, a successful production history match can be achived by incorporating their input into a simulation model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".