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Record W2590892622 · doi:10.33137/rr.v31i2.9185

Black Africans in Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam

2008· article· fr· W2590892622 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Dienke Hondius

Bibliographic record

VenueRenaissance and Reformation · 2008
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicFinancial Crisis of the 21st Century
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesBlack africanArtHistoryEthnology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Les hommes et les femmes d’Afrique noire sont arrivés dans les villes d’Europe du Nord en tant que serviteurs, esclaves, amants et employés des marchands portugais et espagnol, ou en tant que diplomates. Le statut de ces noirs d’Afrique était une nouveauté et fluctuait, et on constate une surprenante variété de leurs expériences au Pays-Bas. En 1596, un premier groupe de plus de 100 africains — hommes, femmes et enfants — est arrivé de manière imprévue dans le port de Middlebourg. Étonnamment, les autorités locales ont proclamé leur libération, mais le capitaine qui considérait ces gens comme sa marchandise a protesté et a obtenu la permission de les convoyer vers les Indes Occidentales. Parmi les noirs présents à Amsterdam, des mariages mixtes ont eu lieu, des juifs noirs ont été enterrés dans le cimetière juif portugais à l’extérieur d’Amsterdam, et on sait que Rembrandt avait des voisins d’Afrique noire. Ces données extraites des archives locales se révèlent prometteuses pour la recherche sur la présence urbaine des noirs en Europe durant les débuts de la modernité.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.069
Threshold uncertainty score0.138

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0060.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0000.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0100.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.213
Teacher spread0.192 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations38
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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