Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles
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Abstract
Abstract Ice particle formation in tropospheric clouds significantly changes cloud radiative and microphysical properties. Ice nucleation in the troposphere via homogeneous freezing occurs at temperatures lower than −38°C and relative humidity with respect to ice above 140%. In the absence of these conditions, ice formation can proceed via heterogeneous nucleation aided by aerosol particles known as ice nucleating particles (INPs). In this chapter, new developments in identifying the heterogeneous freezing mechanisms, atmospheric relevance, uncertainties, and unknowns about INPs are described. The change in conventional wisdom regarding the requirements of INPs as new studies discover physical and chemical properties of these particles is explained. INP sources and known reasons for their ice nucleating properties are presented. The need for more studies to systematically identify particle properties that facilitate ice nucleation is highlighted. The atmospheric relevance of long-range transport, aerosol aging, and coating studies (in the laboratory) of INPs are also presented. Possible mechanisms for processes that change the ice nucleating potential of INPs and the corresponding challenges in understanding and applying these in models are discussed. How primary ice nucleation affects total ice crystal number concentrations in clouds and the discrepancy between INP concentrations and ice crystal number concentrations are presented. Finally, limitations of parameterizing INPs and of models in representing known and unknown processes related to heterogeneous ice nucleation processes are discussed.
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The record
- Venue
- Meteorological Monographs
- Topic
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Field
- Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Canadian institutions
- Environment and Climate Change Canada
- Funders
- Leibniz-Institut für TroposphärenforschungUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignForschungszentrum JülichEuropean CommissionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaSeventh Framework ProgrammeEidgenössische Technische Hochschule ZürichNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftLeibniz-GemeinschaftNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science Foundation
- Keywords
- Ice nucleusNucleationIce crystalsTroposphereAerosolAtmospheric sciencesParticle (ecology)Sea ice growth processesEnvironmental scienceMaterials scienceIce cloudChemical physicsRadiative transferMeteorologyChemistryArctic ice packGeologySea icePhysicsThermodynamicsSea ice thickness
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes