The EU’s Joint Actions on Anti-personnel Mines and Unexploded Ordnance: Finding a Security Policy Identity
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Through the empirical lens of the EU’s Joint Actions and policies on landmines and unexploded ordinance this article seeks to draw wider conclusions about the nature and focus of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy and the EU’s security identity. This research suggests that the EU has found a niche soft-security role in international affairs that is driven by an agreed set of normative assumptions. Further, this article explores the structural position of the EU in relation to the Ottawa Treaty. It suggests that because the EU does not have a state-like identity in foreign and security policy spheres it is at the whim of member governments advancing narrow national interests. However, the evidence from this case study demonstrates that the EU does have the ability to be an effective security actor in its own right.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it