A Novel GNSS Positioning Technique for Improved Accuracy in Urban Canyon Scenarios Using 3D City Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
eliable positioning in urban canyon, especially in dense urban areas, is difficult to achieve in a cost-effective manner using standalone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), due to multipath problems and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) signals. In this regard, several researches have focused towards identifying and rejecting NLOS measurements. However, very few researches have used NLOS signals, although generating final position using only one of the signals. In this regard, this research utilizes all the available signals, including all NLOS signals, from all the satellites, in order to estimate position, using an algorithm based on concept of constructive use of NLOS signals. The NLOS signals are used constructively by incorporating the information related to nearby reflectors, with the help of a 3D city model. The feasibility and performance of the algorithm was done using a real data collected in Downtown Calgary. In a way, this research attempts towards building a low cost GNSS based technology for improved navigation performance, in scenarios where fewer satellites are available and rejecting measurements due to blunders might cost a crucial stake of availability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".