Feasibility Study of a Novel Tall Concrete-Wood Hybrid System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry, structural high-rise solutions using sustainable construction practices and renewable materials need to be developed. This study investigated a novel hybrid structural system comprised of concrete and timber where concrete slabs at every third story provide the necessary stiffness and strength to resist gravity and lateral loads and the intermediate floors are constructed using light-frame wood modules to create the living spaces. Apart from reducing the building’s carbon footprint, the weight of the building is reduced considerably and, as a result, the seismic demand on the lateral load resisting system is reduced. The research presented in this paper evaluated the feasibility of the proposed hybrid concept and compares it to an ordinary concrete frame structure. A linear finite element model of the system captured the model response in terms of inter-story drift, base shear and the seismic demands in accordance with the design requirements of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC 2010). It indicates that the system meets the NBCC design performance requirements and has a lower seismic demand in terms of floor displacement and interstorey drift.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".