Minimal Pain Local Anesthetic Injection with Blunt Tipped Cannula for Wide Awake Upper Blepharoplasty
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present our increasing experience using blunt tipped filler cannulas for local anesthesia infiltration to minimize pain and bruising during upper lid blepharoplasty. Avoiding injection pain enables the patient to enjoy the benefits of wide awake surgery without the inconveniences of sedation. We present educational videos on how to perform the local anesthetic infiltration using blunt tipped cannulas, the blepharoplasty procedure itself on a wide awake patient, and a video on the patient's perspective of wide awake blepharoplasty. Upper lid blepharoplasty is typically performed using local anesthesia with or without sedation.1 Many surgeons still prefer to use sedation to decrease patient discomfort with the local injection and the procedure. We present our increasing experience2 using blunt tipped filler cannulas for local anesthesia infiltration to minimize pain and bruising. Avoiding injection pain enables the patient to enjoy the benefits of wide awake surgery without the inconveniences of sedation. We have performed over 30 upper lid blepharoplasties with this technique. We used a blunt tipped cannula for painless local anesthesia infiltration (seevideo, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which displays blunt tipped cannula for painless local anesthetic infiltration technique for wide awake upper lid blepharoplasty, https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A433).Video Graphic 1.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which displays blunt tipped cannula for painless local anesthetic infiltration technique for wide awake upper lid blepharoplasty. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of the Full-Text article on PRSGlobalOpen.com or available at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A433. A 30-gauge needle is used to inject 0.25–0.5 ml of local at the lateral most extent of the planned skin excision. Firmly pinching the entry site skin distracts the pain nerves stimulated by the needle poke. We have observed that needles hurt less if the skin is pinched into the needle rather than pushing the needle into the skin. We numb both lateral eyelids with this initial bleb of local. We then insert a 20-gauge needle in the first numbed side to make a skin hole in which we easily insert the blunt 27-gauge 1.5 inch filler cannula (seevideo, Supplemental Digital Content 2, which displays the authors using a blunt tipped cannula for local anesthesia infiltration, https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A434).Video Graphic 2.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 2, which displays the authors using a blunt tipped cannula for local anesthesia infiltration. After numbing the area, create an introducer puncture with a large gauge needle, then introduce the cannula through this hole. The tumescent fluid injected (blue) should extend beyond the planned surgical incisions (red). This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of the Full-Text article on PRSGlobalOpen.com or available at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A434. The cannula slides through fat unless it becomes obstructed by ligaments, in which case we back up and bypass the obstruction by heading in a slightly different direction. Unlike sharp needle tips, cannulas do not lacerate nerves and vessels. They therefore decrease pain and bruising. We use buffered room temperature local anesthesia, slow infiltration, and encourage patient feedback.3 We routinely use 3–6 ml of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine buffered 10 ml:1 ml with 8.4% bicarbonate and a small amount of bupivacaine per side. We add 1 ml of 0.05% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine to 10 ml of the lidocaine/bicarbonate mixture in a 10 ml syringe. Wide awake upper blepharoplasty procedure (seevideo, Supplemental Digital Content 3, which displays the authors performing an upper blepharoplasty procedure without sedation, https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A435):Video Graphic 3.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 3, which displays the authors performing an upper blepharoplasty procedure without sedation. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of the Full-Text article on PRSGlobalOpen.com or available at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A435. Waiting 30 minutes after the injection of the local anesthetic before starting the surgery is important. Half an hour of waiting has been shown to produce one-third the blood loss of waiting only 7 minutes.4 The patient may go to the restroom during this waiting period. We use surgical procedure time to educate the fully alert patient and give them postoperative instructions to decrease complications. Bipolar cautery hurts less than monopolar cautery. Fat pads can be anesthetized by injecting more local with either sharp needles or blunt cannulas. The patient sits upright during surgery to ensure a good result against gravity when ptosis repair is required. Patient satisfaction is high with wide awake blepharoplasty (seevideo, Supplemental Digital Content 4, which displays a patient’s perspective after undergoing wide awake upper blepharoplasty, https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A436).Video Graphic 4.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 4, which displays a patient’s perspective after undergoing wide awake upper blepharoplasty. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of the Full-Text article on PRSGlobalOpen.com or available at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A436. Avoiding sedation provides many patient benefits in addition to considerably reduced cost.5 They do not suffer the inconveniences of intravenous insertion, preoperative testing, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and extra time in a recovery room. They simply get up and go home as they do after a dental procedure. They do not need to fast or change medication schedules, which is particularly helpful in diabetics or patients with comorbidities. PATIENT CONSENT The patient provided written consent for the use of her image.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".