P3 Infrastructure Projects: A Recipe for Corruption or an Antidote?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Public–private partnerships (P3s) have emerged as a leading means of structuring large, complex infrastructure projects in both developed and developing economies alike. However, P3s, due to their unique characteristics, can present opportunities for corruption. The purpose of this article is to promote the development of a nuanced and thorough understanding of P3 corruption risks such that those involved in developing, designing, and implementing P3s can more effectively harness the benefits of P3s while mitigating the corruption risks they introduce. This article also seeks to encourage further research into how infrastructure P3s can be better shaped to decrease the probability of corruption risks materializing. This article unpacks how and why P3s, as a distinct form of public procurement, are at once more and less susceptible to corruption as compared with traditional procurement methods and as such deserve special attention from an anticorruption perspective.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it