Prefrontal Dopamine D <sub>1</sub> and D <sub>2</sub> Receptors Regulate Dissociable Aspects of Decision Making via Distinct Ventral Striatal and Amygdalar Circuits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mesocortical dopamine (DA) regulates a variety of cognitive functions via actions on D<sub>1</sub> and/or D<sub>2</sub> receptors. For example, risk/reward decision making is modulated differentially by these two receptors within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), with D<sub>2</sub> receptors enabling flexible decision making and D<sub>1</sub> receptors promoting persistence in choice biases. However, it is unclear how DA mediates opposing patterns of behavior by acting on different receptors within the same terminal region. We explored the possibility that DA may act on separate networks of PFC neurons that are modulated by D<sub>1</sub> or D<sub>2</sub> receptors and in turn interface with divergent downstream structures such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc). Decision making was assessed using a probabilistic discounting task in which well trained male rats chose between small/certain or large/risky rewards, with the odds of obtaining the larger reward changing systematically within a session. Selective disruption of D<sub>1</sub> or D<sub>2</sub> modulation of separate PFC output pathways was achieved using unilateral intra-PFC infusions of DA antagonists combined with contralateral inactivation of the BLA or NAc. Disrupting D<sub>2</sub> (but not D<sub>1</sub>) modulation of PFC→BLA circuitry impaired adjustments in decision biases in response to changes in reward probabilities. In contrast, disrupting D<sub>1</sub> modulation of PFC→NAc networks reduced risky choice, attenuating reward sensitivity and increasing sensitivity to reward omissions. These findings reveal that mesocortical DA can facilitate dissociable components of reward seeking and action selection by acting on different functional networks of PFC neurons that can be distinguished by the subcortical projection targets with which they interface. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Prefrontal cortical dopamine regulates a variety of executive functions governed by the frontal lobes via actions on D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> receptors. These receptors can in some instances mediate different patterns of behavior, but the mechanisms underlying these dissociable actions are unclear. Using a selective disconnection approach, we reveal that D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> receptors can facilitate diverse aspects of decision making by acting on separate networks of prefrontal neurons that interface with distinct striatal or amygdalar targets. These findings reveal an additional level of complexity in how mesocortical DA regulates different forms of cognition via actions on different receptors, highlighting how it may act upon distinct cortical microcircuits to drive different patterns of behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".