In Others’ Words: Quotations and Recontextualization in Putin’s Speeches
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article analyzes how Kremlinologists have attempted to understand ‘what Putin thinks’ by examining whom he has quoted. Kremlinologists have taken the quotations in Putin’s speeches and used them to claim that Putin is ‘ultranationalist’, ‘paleoconservative’, and even ‘fascist’. The article argues that in doing so, they have ignored the exact words of the quotations and the context in which they were used. To overcome this deficiency, the article carries out a careful examination of those words and that context, and points to much more nuanced conclusions. It shows that on occasion, Putin has used quotations to reinforce what might be considered relatively illiberal points, but more often he done so to reinforce moderately liberal rhetoric. Overall, Putin’s use of quotations would suggest that Putin positions himself as a relatively moderate conservative not as an extremist of the sort claimed by the Kremlinologists.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it