Decline and No Growth: Canada's Forgotten Urban interior/Declin et Stagnation : Les Regions Interieures Canadiennes Oubliees
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the 1996-2001 census period, almost half (45.0%) of the 140 urban areas in Canada witnessed population decline. Small urban areas were the hardest hit, while large urban areas all grew. Given this uneven pattern of growth, our research examined the English-language literature in eight Canadian journals to determine whether the issues of decline and no-growth in urban areas in Canada are being confronted in academic urban geography, planning and policy-related literature. Our approach and findings are reported in four sections. We start with a brief overview of the increasing unevenness in the Canadian urban system. We then discuss the journals selected for this research and our methodology for classifying the 275 articles obtained. The third section presents the results of our classification and identifies the key patterns and trends in the literature. We show that while implicitly recognizing the uneven geography of contemporary Canadian urban development, Canadian urban research is fixated on large metropolitan areas, with an emphasis on Southern Ontario. In the fourth and final section, we conclude with a description of the small number of articles that do discuss urban decline and no-growth either implicitly or explicitly. These articles recognize that most Canadian urban places will not grow in the future; they form a starting point for policy-making and planning that distances itself from the growth mentality. Our overall conclusion however, is that when policy-makers and planners seeking solutions for urban areas facing stagnation and decline turn to the literature they may be told why they are in decline, but they are offered no guidance beyond denial. The near total absence of explicit attention to decline and stagnation in the academic writing indicates an urgent need for further policy and research attention. Au cours de la periode de recensement 1996-2001, pres de la moitie (45,0%) des 140 regions urbaines canadiennes ont vu leur population diminuer. Les petites regions urbaines furent les plus touchees, tandis que les grandes regions urbaines ont toutes connu une certaine croissance. A la lumiere de cette tendance inegale, nous avons examine la litterature anglophone produite par huit journaux canadiens afin de determiner si les problemes de declin et de stagnation dans les regions urbaines du Canada sont abordes dans les articles academiques traitant de la geographie, de la planification et des politiques urbaines. Notre approche et nos conclusions sont presentees en quatre volets. Nous decrivons d'abord brievement l'inegalite croissante observee dans le systeme urbain canadien. Ensuite, nous discutons des revues examinees dans le cadre de nos recherches et nous expliquons la methodologie utilisee pour classifier les 275 articles retenus. Le troisieme volet presente les resultats de notre classification et identifie les principales tendances dans la litterature. Nous demontrons que la recherche urbaine au Canada reconnait implicitement l'inegalite geographique du developpement urbain contemporain dans le pays, mais elle se concentre surtout sur les grandes regions metropolitaines, notamment la region sud de l'Ontario. Dans le quatrieme et dernier volet, nous presentons une description d'un petit nombre d'articles qui explorent le phenomene du declin et de la stagnation urbains, de maniere implicite ou explicite. Ces articles reconnaissent que la plupart des endroits urbains canadiens ne connaitront aucune croissance dans l'avenir et forment un point de depart pour l'elaboration de politiques et la planification qui s'eloigne d'une mentalite axee sur la croissance. Cependant, nous concluons qu'au moment ou les decideurs et les specialistes de la planification cherchent des solutions pour aider les regions urbaines confrontees a la stagnation et au declin, ils trouveront des articles expliquant pourquoi leur region est en declin, mais on ne leur proposera aucune aide au-dela du deni de la realite. …
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it