Sociolinguistic Perceptions of Tú, Usted and Vos in the Highlands of Ecuador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Spanish pronouns ‘Tú’, ‘Usted’ and ‘Vos’ all translate into the English second person singular ‘You’. However, this does not mean that they convey the same meaning. In Ecuador, for example, the pronoun Usted is normally used to signal formality, distance, and not familiarity; and, Tú and Vos are often used to signal friendship, closeness, and informality. In addition, these pronouns adopt different meanings depending on where in Ecuador the interaction takes place. For example, in a reciprocal relationship between classmates, Vos implies friendship and closeness in the city of Cuenca, but in the city of Quito Vos implies lack of respect. In this sense, this study examines how college students perceive the usage of these pronouns at home, at the university, and at the workplace. This paper analyses samples taken from three cities in the highlands—Quito, Cuenca, and Loja—and describes how these pronouns are being used at these locations in Ecuador. The results reveal this very peculiar variation and show the different meanings and tendencies of these pronouns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".