Snow Friction Coefficient for Commercial Roofing Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Redistribution of snow loads on two adjacent buildings of different heights is addressed. The term slippery roofs is used but it is not defined. Measurements of friction between snow and commercial roofing materials are carried out to help specify the term. In order to determine a static coefficient of friction, the Coulomb friction principle of measuring inclination increase until specimen movement begins is applied. A test apparatus is designed and produced. Single-ply roofing materials such as membranes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and modified bitumen (MB), as well as painted industrial metal profile specimens are tested. Snow specimens from fresh snow are prepared and tests are carried out under laboratory conditions. For the given conditions, although deviating from full-scale realistic conditions, snow samples slid at different angles depending on the roofing material type. Average values of sliding angle for PVC, TPO, EPDM, and MB membranes and metal sheet are determined to be 6°, 15°, 20°, 57°, and 22°, respectively. Based on the published provisions and given test conditions, commercial roofing materials can be categorized as slippery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".