Exposure to electronic cigarette vapors affects pulmonary and systemic expression of circadian molecular clock genes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
E-cigarette use has exploded in the past years, especially among young adults and smokers desiring to quit. While concerns are mostly based on the presence of nicotine and flavors, pulmonary effects of propylene glycol and glycerol inhalation, the main solvents of e-liquid have not been thoroughly investigated. In this preclinical study, mice were exposed 2 h daily for up to 8 weeks to vapors of propylene glycol and/or glycerol generated by an e-cigarette. Lung transcriptome analysis revealed it affected the expression level of genes of the circadian molecular clock, despite causing no inflammatory response. Periodical sacrifices showed that the rhythmicity of these regulatory genes was indeed altered in the lungs, but also in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and brain. E-cigarette exposure also altered the expression of rhythmic genes (i.e., hspa1a and hspa1b), suggesting that alterations to the ‘clock genes’ could translate into systemic biological alterations. This study reveals that the major solvents used in e-cigarettes propylene glycol and glycerol, not nicotine or flavors, have unsuspected effects on gene expression of the molecular clock that are to be taken seriously, especially considering the fundamental role of the circadian rhythm in health and disease.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it