Solving Hand/Finger Pain Problems with the Pencil Test and Relative Motion Splinting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The pencil test and relative motion splinting are a simple way to help heal many problems that cause hand and finger pain. The videos in this article guide surgeons, hand therapists, and patients through this form of diagnosis and treatment. When patients present with acute or chronic hand and/or finger pain after an injury, try placing a pencil first over and then under the proximal phalanx of the finger that is generating the pain. Ask the patient to flex and extend the fingers several times (see video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which gives an explanation of the pencil test and relative motion splinting. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A583). Putting the affected metacarpal phalangeal (MP) joint more relatively flexed or extended than the other MP joints will often take away the pain with active movement with the pencil in place. When this happens, our hand therapist builds a relative motion splint that simulates the effect of the pencil.Video Graphic 1.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which gives an explanation of the pencil test and relative motion splinting. This video shows how to do the pencil test with patients. It also explains the theory of how relative motion works to solve hand pain. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A583.These are very functional splints that patients wear 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Most people can work with these splints on. Video 2 shows 3 different patients with interosseous muscle tears who had their hand pain solved with the pencil test and relative motion flexion splinting (see video, Supplemental Digital Content 2, which shows 3 patient examples of interosseous tear pain patients. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A584).Video Graphic 2.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 2, which shows 3 patient examples of interosseous tear pain patients. Video shows pencil test ant relative motion splinting success in solving this difficult problem. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A584.Video 3 shows 4 other kinds of acute and chronic pain and stiffness problems solved with relative motion splinting after the pencil test took the pain away with active movement (see video, Supplemental Digital Content 3, which shows the pencil test and relative motion splinting solving problems in 4 patients. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A585).Video Graphic 3.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 3, which shows the pencil test and relative motion splinting solving problems in 4 patients: (1) extensor lag after fracture; (2) providing early movement after fracture; (3) complex work injury case; and (4) solving pain and stiffness after 3 surgical trigger finger releases. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A585.Video 4 shows how to build relative motion splints (see video, Supplemental Digital Content 4, which shows how a hand therapist makes a relative motion splint. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A586). A relative motion flexion splint keeps the MP joint of the pain generating finger more flexed than the MP joints of the other fingers. A relative motion extension splint keeps the MP joint of the affected finger more extended than the MP joints of the other fingers.Video Graphic 4.: See video, Supplemental Digital Content 4, which shows how a hand therapist makes a relative motion splint. This video is available in the “Related Videos” section of PRSGlobalOpen.com or at https://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A586.The principle is pain-guided healing and pain-guided therapy. The pencil and the relative motion splint rebalance the forces of active movement in such a way that injured structures can heal, as evidenced by the fact that they take the pain away. We did not spend 2 billion years evolving pain because it is bad for us. It is nature’s only way to tell us if we are helping or hurting the healing of injured tissue.1 Relative motion extension splints are helpful in early protected movement of extensor tendon laceration, sagittal band tears, proximal interphalangeal flexor lag, and pain of unknown origin. Relative motion flexion splints are useful in boutonniere, interosseous tear, PIP extension lag, and pain of unknown origin.2–4 PATIENT CONSENT The patient provided written consent for the use of her image.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.090 | 0.029 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".