National Minorities and Secession Today: Surpassing the Right to Self-Determination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent decades have broken various secessionist movements related to national minorities existing within liberal-democratic multinational states like Belgium, Canada, United Kingdom and Spain, which, once assimilated by force or free, have maintained throughout History territory, language and cultural traits. They are nations like flemish, quebecois, catalans or scots. In this context, International Law neither authorizes nor prohibits secession, leaving this type of processes in the political sphere. Only in response to the case of colonized peoples through the right to selfdetermination recognized by the United Nations. However, the holding of referendums as Quebec and Scotland have stressed that they have begun to operate other principles of international law like the democratic principle or the effectiveness principle. The same International Court of Justice stated that the secession of Kosovo could sustain in another kind of legitimacy: the existence of a de facto state in the absence of violence after intense negotiations prior well-conducted and good faith, but failed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".