The north american free trade agreement: its impact on california
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La primera mitad de este artículo discute el ALC (Acuerdo de Libre Comercio) como lo han presentado los formuladores de política, quienes lo proponen como solución a los problemas que han fomentado el fracaso del modelo de una industrialización basada en la sustitución de productos importados, la crisis del petróleo y de la deuda externa y el aumento en competitividad internacional. Sin embargo, dentro de cada país hay preocupaciones sobre una posible reducción en empleos, un deterioro en el medio ambiente, violaciones de derechos humanos y pérdida de identidad cultural. La segunda mitad del artículo examina el ALC en términos de sus impactos en el estado de California. México y Canadá ocupan el segundo y tercer lugares en importancia en cuanto al comercio de California, pero hay una asimetría importante entre el comercio California-Canadá y el comercio California-México. Los autores examinan esta asimetría y sugieren quienes serán los ganadores y quienes los perdedores en California una vez que el ALC sea concretado.ABSTRACTIn the first half of the paper, the NAFTA is viewed as the solution offered by policy makers to the problems of falling import substitution industrialization, the oil-debt crisis, and increasing international competition. Within each country, however, there are concerns about job loss, environmental degradation, human rights violations, and the loss of cultural identity. The second half of the paper puts the NAFTA in the context of its likely impact on the state of California. Mexico and Canada are shown to be the state's second and third most important trading partners but an enormous asymmetry exists between California-Canada trade and California-Mexico trade. This asymmetry is examined and winners and losers in California are projected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".