Retraction: Estimation of sediment accumulation rates using naturally occuring <sup>210</sup>Pb models and heavy metal measurements in Gülbahçe Hydrothermal Vent Zone
Post-publication record
OpenAlex flags this work as retracted, but it carries no matching Retraction Watch record in this frame.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, sediment chronology was determined by using Lead-210 (210Pb) dating models in Gulbahce Bay. Sediment cores were obtained via a gravity core sampler from hydrothermal area and also from reference point and surficial distribution of Polonium-210 (210Po) was investigated in the study area. The average surficial 210Po concentration was relatively higher in hydrothermal area than the reference point. Sedimentation rates in Core reference point (RN) displayed an increase till the 1940’s and a decrease afterwards, sedimentation rates in any core from hydrothermal area did not exhibit regular continuous increase or decrease. The 210Pb fluxes measured from core inventories are close to each other but they are a bit higher than the average mediterranean and mean atmospheric 210Pb flux values. This situation indicates that there are outer contribution to the study area apart from atmospheric precipitation of 210Pb concentration. Average enrichment factors indicating that the sediments have not been co...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Editorial About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Editorial About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".