Features of Postpositions in Chulym Language
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article considers several postpositions in Chulym as compared with other Turkic languages. It is noted that despite the fact that their functions have similarities with those of nominal cases, their functional scope is much wider. The author emphasizes that postpositions play an auxiliary role: they are used together with independent words to express grammatical meaning of case endings, and also help to establish semantic relations between lexical words in a sentence. It is shown that postpositions are able to express meanings of place, direction, instrument, reason, etc. It is noted that in traditional Turkic studies postpositions are recognized as uninflected words. The author’s study of postpositional constructions in Chulym language is presented. Special attention is paid to semantic derivation, by which the postposition is formed. Semantic and grammatical links of postpositions within the structure of phrases and sentences are demonstrated on examples of a number of postpositions ( шили, öжин, зäй, -бле etc.).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it