The Nexus between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Listed Banks, Finance and Insurance Companies in Sri Lanka
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nexus between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and financial performance is an ongoing debate and a puzzle encountered by business organizations. This study is an attempt to address the question of whether CSRD is linked to financial performance of companies quoted on the Banks, Finance and Insurance sector in Sri Lanka. The sample includes only the companies that devote a separate section to disclose Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in their annual reports as failure to disclose CSR in the annual reports will have a material effect on findings. Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) is measured through the use of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) controlled for size and leverage. Content analysis was utilized to develop the Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Index (CSRDI). Two multiple regression models were analyzed using Stata. Findings of the study revealed that there is a significant association between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and future financial performance of the selected listed banks, finance and insurance companies in Sri Lanka.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".