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Record W2791622101 · doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxac182

Two-Dimensional Block Trees

2022· article· en· W2791622101 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Computer Journal · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicAlgorithms and Data Compression
Canadian institutionsDalhousie University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBlock (permutation group theory)Adjacency listRaster graphicsExploitComputer scienceTree (set theory)Adjacency matrixRepresentation (politics)Data structureSequence (biology)Theoretical computer scienceSpace (punctuation)Tree structureAlgorithmPattern recognition (psychology)CombinatoricsMathematicsArtificial intelligenceGraph

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract The Block Tree is a data structure for representing repetitive sequences in compressed space, which reaches space comparable with that of Lempel–Ziv compression while retaining fast direct access to any position in the sequence. In this paper, we generalize Block Trees to two dimensions, in order to exploit repetitive patterns in the representation of images, matrices and other kinds of bidimensional data. We demonstrate the practicality of the two-dimensional Block Trees (2D-BTs) in representing the adjacency matrices of Web graphs, and raster images in GIS applications. For this purpose, we integrate our 2D-BT with the $k^2$-tree—an efficient structure that exploits clustering and sparseness to compress adjacency matrices—so that it also exploits repetitive patterns. Our experiments show that this structure uses 60–80% of the space of the original $k^2$-tree, while being 30% faster to three times slower when accessing cells.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.657
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0020.003
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.239
Teacher spread0.224 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it